the means of cooling transformer
heat is produced in normal transformer operating by copper, core and stray losses
this heat must be removed to prevent overheating of the insulating and a subsequent failure.
in the case of liquid-filled transformer the cooling is accomplished by :
1- passing the heating oil or synthetic liquid insulation over an air-coled surface by eithe natural or forced ( pumps ) convection
2- passing the heated oil over surfaces cooled by water; these surfaces being water-cooled coils installed either in the trnsformer tank or external from the tank .
all modern water-cooled transformer have external coolers.
in the case of transforemr which do not use oil or liquid as a cooling medium, cool air from the atmosphere is blown over the warm core and windings to remove the heat
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